H.G.J.+Mosley

  = HGJ Mosley (1887-1915)         =

__ Biography __ · __ H.G.J. Mosley was born in 1887 in Weymouth, on the south west coast of England. __ <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(214,0,147); FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">· __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(214,0,147)"> He attended Eton College. __ <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(214,0,147); FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">· __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(214,0,147)"> In 1906, he attended Trinity College of the University of Oxford and on graduation from that institution in 1910 went to Manchester University to work with Ernest Rutherford. __ <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(214,0,147); FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">· __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(214,0,147)"> Using an x-ray spectrum, Mosley found a systematic relation between wavelength and atomic number in 1913. __ <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(214,0,147); FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">· __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(214,0,147)"> This was known as Mosley's Law. __ <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(214,0,147); FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">· __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(214,0,147)"> In 1914 Moseley resigned at Manchester to return to Oxford to pursue his research. __ <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(214,0,147); FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">· __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(214,0,147)"> When World War I started, he turned down a job offer and enlisted in war. __ <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(214,0,147); FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">· __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(214,0,147)"> He fought at Gallipoli, where he was killed. __ <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(214,0,147); FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">· __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(214,0,147)"> He was shot through the head while in the process of telling an order. __ <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(214,0,147); FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">· __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(214,0,147)"> Many have thought that he would have won the Nobel Prize, but couldn't because it is only awarded to the living. __

__<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(51,204,51)"> Mosley's Discovery __ <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(51,204,51); FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">· __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(51,204,51)"> In 1910, Mosley found that the most intense short-wave-length line in the x-ray spectrum of a particular element was related to the elements atomic number, Z. __ <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(51,204,51); FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">· __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(51,204,51)"> This line was known as the K-alpha line. __ <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(51,204,51); FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">· __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(51,204,51)"> Moseley found that this relationship could be expressed by a simple formula, later called //Moseley's Law//. __ <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(51,204,51); FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">· __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(51,204,51)"> Moseley created his formula, by plotting the square root of X-ray frequencies against a line representing atomic number. __ <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(51,204,51); FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">· __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: rgb(51,204,51)"> It was almost immediately noted that his formula could be explained in terms of the new 191 Bohr model of the atom. __
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F is the frequency of the main or **K** x-ray emission line K1 and K2 are constants that depend on the type of line.

__Evidence and Proof:__ __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: #cc99ff; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·   Used the X-Ray Spectrum   __ __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: #cc99ff; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·   Mosley showed the relationship between atomic number (Z) and the corresponding wavelength for each spectral series of emission lines for each element   __ __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: #cc99ff; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·   Mosley was also responsible for the construction of the early X-ray spectrometer   __ __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: #cc99ff; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·   Design centered on a cold cathode tube where the air within the tube provided the electrons and the analyte which served as the tube target. __ __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: #cc99ff; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·    The major problem that he had was the inabilit y of using electrons to create x-rays; nearly 99% of the energy was lost as heat. __